Modern Criticism of Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin Essay -- Uncle Toms Cabi

novel Criticism of Stowes Uncle turkey cocks Cabin It is extremely difficult for the red-brick lecturer to actualize and appreciate Uncle tom turkeys Cabin because Harriet Beecher Stowe was report for an audience very different from us. We dont sh ar the cultural values and myths of Stowes time, so her novel doesnt affect us the elbow room it affected its original readers. For this reason, Uncle gobblers Cabin has been heavily scrutinized by the modern critic. However, the aspects of the novel that are criticized now are the same aspects that held so oftentimes appeal for its original audience. Many people condemn Uncle Toms Cabin simply because it is a sentimental novel. This genre appeals to the readers emotions in order to enact social change. While popular during Stowes time, the sentimental novel is now despised by many members of the academy, such as Baldwin Uncle Toms Cabin is a very bad novel, having, in its self-righteous, virtuous sentimentality, much in universa l with Little Women (496). Some modern readers are repulsed by Stowes desire to reform society, but that is because in our times the purpose of literature is to represent the world, not change it. Because the modern critic finds it grueling to see with Stowes genuine desire to improve society, he sees it as an example of her self-righteousness. Because the sentimental novel appeals to the readers emotions, many of its scenes may strike the modern reader as overly dramatic. Baldwin claims the ostentatious parading of excessive and spurious emotion, is the mark of dishonesty, the inability to feel the ladened eyes of the sentimentalist betray his aversion to experience, his disquietude of life, his arid heart and it is always, therefore, the signal of secret and violent inhumani... ...lture. Most twenty-first century readers are crocked by the novels sentimentality, the religious undertones, and the kill figures, among other things, but these same qualities that we dislike are what appealed to the novels original audience. Being outsiders, it is hard for us to accept Stowes message that extol must conquer social injustices. However, one must wonder if her own contemporaries accepted this message, since Stowe would consent seen the Civil War as forcing change inwardly society without eliminating the prejudices that produced it. Bibliography Baldwin, James. Everybodys Protest Novel. Uncle Toms Cabin. Ed. Elizabeth Ammons. New York W.W. Norton & Company 1994. 495-501. Tompkins, Jane. Sentimental Power Uncle Toms Cabin and the Politics of Literary History. Uncle Toms Cabin. Ed. Elizabeth Ammons. New York Norton 1994. 501-522. Modern Criticism of Stowes Uncle Toms Cabin Essay -- Uncle Toms CabiModern Criticism of Stowes Uncle Toms Cabin It is extremely difficult for the modern reader to understand and appreciate Uncle Toms Cabin because Harriet Beecher Stowe was writing for an audience very different from us. We dont share the cultural valu es and myths of Stowes time, so her novel doesnt affect us the way it affected its original readers. For this reason, Uncle Toms Cabin has been heavily scrutinized by the modern critic. However, the aspects of the novel that are criticized now are the same aspects that held so much appeal for its original audience. Many people condemn Uncle Toms Cabin simply because it is a sentimental novel. This genre appeals to the readers emotions in order to enact social change. While popular during Stowes time, the sentimental novel is now scorned by many members of the academy, such as Baldwin Uncle Toms Cabin is a very bad novel, having, in its self-righteous, virtuous sentimentality, much in common with Little Women (496). Some modern readers are repulsed by Stowes desire to reform society, but that is because in our times the purpose of literature is to represent the world, not change it. Because the modern critic finds it hard to identify with Stowes genuine desire to improve society, he sees it as an example of her self-righteousness. Because the sentimental novel appeals to the readers emotions, many of its scenes may strike the modern reader as overly dramatic. Baldwin claims the ostentatious parading of excessive and spurious emotion, is the mark of dishonesty, the inability to feel the wet eyes of the sentimentalist betray his aversion to experience, his fear of life, his arid heart and it is always, therefore, the signal of secret and violent inhumani... ...lture. Most twenty-first century readers are annoyed by the novels sentimentality, the religious undertones, and the martyr figures, among other things, but these same qualities that we dislike are what appealed to the novels original audience. Being outsiders, it is hard for us to accept Stowes message that love must conquer social injustices. However, one must wonder if her own contemporaries accepted this message, since Stowe would have seen the Civil War as forcing change within society without elimina ting the prejudices that produced it. Bibliography Baldwin, James. Everybodys Protest Novel. Uncle Toms Cabin. Ed. Elizabeth Ammons. New York W.W. Norton & Company 1994. 495-501. Tompkins, Jane. Sentimental Power Uncle Toms Cabin and the Politics of Literary History. Uncle Toms Cabin. Ed. Elizabeth Ammons. New York Norton 1994. 501-522.

Tanzanias Climate Essay -- Tourism Africa Global Warming Environment

Tanzanias ClimateTanzania represents a wealth of ecological diversity, ethnic diversity, and geographical diversity. It contains both the tallest plenteousness in Africa as well as the largest lake, and is a tourist hotspot for safaris and expeditions to Mt. Kilimanjaro. The citizens of Tanzania are utterly dependent on the weather for their two major businesses, kitchen-gardening and tourism. Thus, the climate of Tanzania is worth examining in greater detail. Tanzania has two distinct seasons, wet and dry. However, the northern region of Tanzania can experience two wet seasons, the longest of which spans from parade to May and the shortest from November to December. The March to May period is known as the long rains, during which excessive pelting occurs. The shorter period from November to December is known as the short rains, where rainfall occurs intermittently and may last into January. The rest of the country experiences one wet season from November to May. Since Tanzania is located in the Southern hemisphere, December to March can be considered the countrys summer, and June to September its winter. The seasons are in fact the transition between the two primary(prenominal) trade wind systems which dominate at diverse times of the year the northeasterly trades between December and March, and the southeasterlies between June and September (Sumner 53-66). Caused by the highly cyclic weather patterns of the intertropical convergence zone, these trade winds are the main factor in determining the change of seasons and are abetted by the very geography of Tanzania. The flow of air over the East African plateau causes the organic law of the Southerly Jet which in turn regulates the Indian monsoon season. The jet flows in parallel to Ta... ...does not bode well for its inhabitants. If remedial measures are not taken, Tanzanias economy and quality of life will suffer greatly in the near future, and we as a planet will suffer greater consequences in the far f uture due to the rising temperature of the Earth. Works CitedAlverson, Keith, et al. A Global Paleoclimate Observing System. Science 293.5527 (2001) 47-8.Nieuwolt, S. Rainstorm Distributions in Tanzania. Geografiska Annaler.Series A, Physical Geography 56.3/4 (1974) 241-50. Sumner, G. N. Daily rainwater Variability in Coastal Tanzania. Geografiska Annaler.Series A, Physical Geography 65.1/2 (1983) 53-66. Zhou, Guofa, et al. Association between Climate Variability and Malaria Epidemics in the East African Highlands. Proceedings of the discipline Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 101.8 (2004) 2375-80.

Essay --

Blair KhokerReligion and the ArtsProfessor Wendy RaverDecember 16th, 2013Bharata NatyamThe word Bharata comes from a combination of three main elements in Indian bound Mood (bhava), melody (raga), and rhythmic timing (tala). The word Natyam means both dancing and acting. Bharata Natyam is from South Indian, specifically Tamil Nad. This dance style has been preserved more often than not in the beautiful ancient temples and areas of Tanjore and Madras. South India has many sculptures of Gods and Goddesses who are lavishly decorated and ornamented and who show the art, religion, and culture of the country. Enakshi Bhavani describes these beautiful shrines and religious areas as being an halo of ancient India lingering with a compelling fragrance (28). Where this dance style originated is very important to how it is viewed today in modern times and western societies. In India, on that point are still ancient areas in which the traditions and teachings of Bharata Natyam are being stud ied, but how these teachings evolved into modern society is important in understanding its religious impact on the Indian community. Bharata Natyam embodies three canonical aspects of classical Indian dancing The pure dance, dance embodying an expressive mood and dance containing a dramatic element. It must be strongly emphasized that Bharata Natyam in its true and proper form is studied in a very intense manner. In some cultures the dance is make to invoke gods and enact mythological events. The dancers go through immense amounts of training in order to be able to control every muscle in their body. The technical ingredients for physical mastery are swiftness, precision, suppleness, strength, instincts for time, agility, and lightness but, one of the most i... ...yday lives and into a spellbound state of beauty. In the Bharata Natyam the dance techniques of pure dance consists of a number of combinations of postures. These combinations include the movement and coordination of t he body, waist, arm, hand, leg, foot, head, and neck to various sets of words and beats. Beautiful gestures and arm positions combine to form the general beauty of posture. There are around 120 basic dance arrangements which can be further combined into hundreds of varieties of patterned dance movements. Although, dancers usually learn about forty to seventy basic movements and then study the intricate dances that include them. A recital or individual performance can go from one and a half hours to quadruplet hours long. Every performance in made up of the following parts (given in sequence), Alarippu, Jethiswaram, Shabdam,Varnam, Padam(s), and Thillana.

The Concept Of Being A Gentleman in Charles Dickens Great Expectations :: Great Expectations Essays

The beautiful young lady at leave off Havishams, and shes more beautiful than anybody ever was and I admire her dreadfully and I want to be a human race on her account - fritter (page 126) This is the turning betoken where Dickens advances the not so top plot of the story. This is where Pip admits to Biddy he is in love with Estella and wants to become a gentlemans gentleman. He is, at this point, doing it for the pervert reasons. He is doing it to impress Estella. When Pip is at turn tail Havishams he realises how much social classes actually matter. People who were orphans or had other jobs such as blacksmiths were regarded as people who could never become gentlemen. Estella makes it agnize to Pip that he is in a lower social class than she is. Why, he is a common moil boy I thought I overheard Miss Havisham answer - only it seemed so unlikely - tumesce? You can break his heart - Estella and Miss Havisham (page 57) The reason Miss Havisham says this is because she was bear so badly by Compeyson she wants to wrong someone else as revenge for what happened to her. Pip at this point call ins a gentleman is someone who is rich and well respect he does not think about the conduct of a gentleman. Pip thinks that people who are regarded as gentlemen are born into a squeamish family and have a socially respected occupation such as a lawyer or a clergyman. An example of what a true gentleman is would be Herbert. He sets the example to Pip and Pip looks up to him. Herberts father knew merely what Compeyson wanted when he tried to marry Miss Havisham. What Herbert says here was exactly what his father said. But that he was not to be, without ignorance or prejudice, mistaken for a gentleman because it is a principle of his that no man who was not a true gentleman at heart, ever was, since the world began, a true gentleman in manner- Herbert (page 177)The Concept Of Being A Gentleman in Charles Di ckens Great Expectations Great Expectations Essays The beautiful young lady at Miss Havishams, and shes more beautiful than anybody ever was and I admire her dreadfully and I want to be a gentleman on her account - Pip (page 126) This is the turning point where Dickens advances the not so clear plot of the story. This is where Pip admits to Biddy he is in love with Estella and wants to become a gentleman. He is, at this point, doing it for the wrong reasons. He is doing it to impress Estella. When Pip is at Miss Havishams he realises how much social classes actually matter. People who were orphans or had other jobs such as blacksmiths were regarded as people who could never become gentlemen. Estella makes it clear to Pip that he is in a lower social class than she is. Why, he is a common labouring boy I thought I overheard Miss Havisham answer - only it seemed so unlikely - well? You can break his heart - Estella and Miss Havisham (page 57) The reaso n Miss Havisham says this is because she was hurt so badly by Compeyson she wants to hurt someone else as revenge for what happened to her. Pip at this point thinks a gentleman is someone who is rich and well respected he does not think about the conduct of a gentleman. Pip thinks that people who are regarded as gentlemen are born into a decent family and have a socially respected occupation such as a lawyer or a clergyman. An example of what a true gentleman is would be Herbert. He sets the example to Pip and Pip looks up to him. Herberts father knew exactly what Compeyson wanted when he tried to marry Miss Havisham. What Herbert says here was exactly what his father said. But that he was not to be, without ignorance or prejudice, mistaken for a gentleman because it is a principle of his that no man who was not a true gentleman at heart, ever was, since the world began, a true gentleman in manner- Herbert (page 177)

Ah, Wilderness - Significance of the plays title Essay -- Ah Wildern

Ah, Wilderness - Significance of the plays title   The title of the play, Ah, Wilderness, by Eugene ONeill, plays a momentous role in the understanding of the play. The wild is used as a metaphor for the period in a males life when he is no semipermanent a boy, but not yet a man. This play tells the story of the coming-of-age of Richard, and the evolution he undergoes while becoming a man. The natural state used in the title is a metaphor for the years between childhood and manhood. Life, for a man, is like the woods. When one is a boy, he is in a clearing. Everything told by adults is interpreted as truth, and because of this trust the truth is clear. As one enters the in-between years, the truth is no longer as clear. The developing mind begins to wonder the notions held by those in control, parents in particular. This period is like a wilderness one must wander through. When one exits the woods, things once again become clear. superstar no longer feels the need to wander aimlessly through the darkness, and one usually returns to the truths instilled by parents. Richard begins the play as a boy on the scepter of manhood. A careful youth, just beginning to sow the seeds of rebellion, he at first feels no need to rebel against things close at hand. This soon changes with a visit to his become from Richards girlfriends father. Richard has been sending poetry to Muriel, his girlfriend, and her father sees the subject matter of this poetry as inappropriate. Unbeknownst to Richard, Muriel has been coerced into writing a letter to him breaking stumble the relationship. Richard feels so despondent he rebels against everything. This moment is the point in which Richard enters the wilderness. The perfect opportunity to prov... ...uneasy side glances, and steels himself for what is coming. Richard has come back around to his prior ways of thinking. He now states (His laissez passer down humbly.) I know I was a darned fool (844). Richard, in the co urse of the play, makes the transition from boyhood to manhood. As with most early men, Richard enters the wilderness, a metaphor for the stage of rebellion, and exits with no lasting scars. Richards father, like most parents, realizes that Richard has walked out of the wilderness and states, . . . I dont think well ever have to rile about his beingness safe--from himself--again. And I guess no matter what life will do to him, he can take care of it now (845). This line of reasoning shows the necessity of the wilderness to the evolution of man, and the importance of a fathers understanding during this important stage of development.       Ah, Wilderness - Significance of the plays title Essay -- Ah Wildern Ah, Wilderness - Significance of the plays title   The title of the play, Ah, Wilderness, by Eugene ONeill, plays a significant role in the understanding of the play. The wilderness is used as a metaphor for the period in a males life whe n he is no longer a boy, but not yet a man. This play tells the story of the coming-of-age of Richard, and the evolution he undergoes while becoming a man. The wilderness used in the title is a metaphor for the years between childhood and manhood. Life, for a man, is like the woods. When one is a boy, he is in a clearing. Everything told by adults is taken as truth, and because of this trust the truth is clear. As one enters the in-between years, the truth is no longer as clear. The developing mind begins to question the notions held by those in control, parents in particular. This period is like a wilderness one must wander through. When one exits the woods, things once again become clear. One no longer feels the need to wander aimlessly through the darkness, and one usually returns to the truths instilled by parents. Richard begins the play as a boy on the verge of manhood. A studious youth, just beginning to sow the seeds of rebellion, he at first feels no need to rebel against t hings close at hand. This soon changes with a visit to his father from Richards girlfriends father. Richard has been sending poetry to Muriel, his girlfriend, and her father sees the subject matter of this poetry as inappropriate. Unbeknownst to Richard, Muriel has been coerced into writing a letter to him breaking off the relationship. Richard feels so heartbroken he rebels against everything. This moment is the point in which Richard enters the wilderness. The perfect opportunity to prov... ...uneasy side glances, and steels himself for what is coming. Richard has come back around to his prior ways of thinking. He now states (His head down humbly.) I know I was a darned fool (844). Richard, in the course of the play, makes the transition from boyhood to manhood. As with most young men, Richard enters the wilderness, a metaphor for the stage of rebellion, and exits with no lasting scars. Richards father, like most parents, realizes that Richard has walked out of the wilderness and states, . . . I dont think well ever have to worry about his being safe--from himself--again. And I guess no matter what life will do to him, he can take care of it now (845). This statement shows the necessity of the wilderness to the evolution of man, and the importance of a fathers understanding during this important stage of development.      

Ah, Wilderness - Significance of the plays title Essay -- Ah Wildern

Ah, Wilderness - Significance of the plays title   The title of the play, Ah, Wilderness, by Eugene ONeill, plays a crucial role in the understanding of the play. The wilderness is used as a metaphor for the flow in a males life when he is no long-range a boy, tho not yet a man. This play tells the story of the coming-of-age of Richard, and the evolution he undergoes while becoming a man. The wilderness used in the title is a metaphor for the years between childhood and manhood. Life, for a man, is like the woods. When one is a boy, he is in a clearing. Everything told by adults is taken as truth, and because of this assumption the truth is clear. As one enters the in-between years, the truth is no longer as clear. The developing mind begins to question the notions held by those in control, parents in particular. This period is like a wilderness one must affirm through. When one exits the woods, things once again become clear. One no longer feels the need to wander aimlessly through the darkness, and one usually returns to the truths instilled by parents. Richard begins the play as a boy on the verge of manhood. A bookish youth, just source to sow the seeds of rebellion, he at first feels no need to rebel against things close at hand. This soon changes with a visit to his stupefy from Richards girlfriends father. Richard has been sending metrical composition to Muriel, his girlfriend, and her father sees the subject matter of this poetry as inappropriate. Unbeknownst to Richard, Muriel has been coerced into writing a letter to him breaking off the relationship. Richard feels so despondent he rebels against everything. This number is the point in which Richard enters the wilderness. The perfect opportunity to prov... ...uneasy side glances, and steels himself for what is coming. Richard has come back around to his prior ways of thinking. He now states (His lintel down humbly.) I know I was a darned fool (844). Richard, in the course of the play, makes the transition from boyhood to manhood. As with most young men, Richard enters the wilderness, a metaphor for the stop of rebellion, and exits with no lasting scars. Richards father, like most parents, realizes that Richard has walked out of the wilderness and states, . . . I dont think well ever have to worry about his macrocosm safe--from himself--again. And I call up no matter what life will do to him, he can take care of it now (845). This statement shows the necessity of the wilderness to the evolution of man, and the splendour of a fathers understanding during this important stage of development.       Ah, Wilderness - Significance of the plays title Essay -- Ah Wildern Ah, Wilderness - Significance of the plays title   The title of the play, Ah, Wilderness, by Eugene ONeill, plays a significant role in the understanding of the play. The wilderness is used as a metaphor for the period in a males life when he is no long er a boy, but not yet a man. This play tells the story of the coming-of-age of Richard, and the evolution he undergoes while becoming a man. The wilderness used in the title is a metaphor for the years between childhood and manhood. Life, for a man, is like the woods. When one is a boy, he is in a clearing. Everything told by adults is taken as truth, and because of this trust the truth is clear. As one enters the in-between years, the truth is no longer as clear. The developing mind begins to question the notions held by those in control, parents in particular. This period is like a wilderness one must wander through. When one exits the woods, things once again become clear. One no longer feels the need to wander aimlessly through the darkness, and one usually returns to the truths instilled by parents. Richard begins the play as a boy on the verge of manhood. A studious youth, just beginning to sow the seeds of rebellion, he at first feels no need to rebel against things close at hand. This soon changes with a visit to his father from Richards girlfriends father. Richard has been sending poetry to Muriel, his girlfriend, and her father sees the subject matter of this poetry as inappropriate. Unbeknownst to Richard, Muriel has been coerced into writing a letter to him breaking off the relationship. Richard feels so heartbroken he rebels against everything. This moment is the point in which Richard enters the wilderness. The perfect opportunity to prov... ...uneasy side glances, and steels himself for what is coming. Richard has come back around to his prior ways of thinking. He now states (His head down humbly.) I know I was a darned fool (844). Richard, in the course of the play, makes the transition from boyhood to manhood. As with most young men, Richard enters the wilderness, a metaphor for the stage of rebellion, and exits with no lasting scars. Richards father, like most parents, realizes that Richard has walked out of the wilderness and states, . . . I dont think well ever have to worry about his being safe--from himself--again. And I guess no matter what life will do to him, he can take care of it now (845). This statement shows the necessity of the wilderness to the evolution of man, and the importance of a fathers understanding during this important stage of development.      

Start Up of New Fast Food Chain in India

Group 3 Member Debashish Das Pallavi Talwar Hari Das Gupta Pramod Balakrishnan autonomic nervous system Since the maiden business venture would be the first business venture of the group, we would prefer to keep the funding internal. The business venture we would start is Indian way food restaurant Pao Khao Executive Summary Pao Khao is a local anestheticly owned fast food outlet that will be positi aned as an international immunity through our creative approach to the companys image and detail presentation. Pao Khao will provide a combination of excellent food at value pricing, with fun promotional material and atmosphere.Pao Khao is the answer to an increasing demand for snack-type & Ethnic Indian food. In todays highly competitive environment, it is becoming increasingly difficult to differentiate one fast food outlet from another. Delhi NCR , has population of more than 2 million. Our main priority is to establish starting in Gurgaon , preferably close to one of prominent ob tain malls in MG road. Later, our effort will be a further development of more retail outlets in the surrounding ara. This plan is prepared to obtain a posture for the initial launch of this concept.Additional financing will penury to be secured for the two subsequent outlets, anticipated in month 13 and previous(predicate) in year three. The financing, in addition to the capital contributions from shareholders, will allow Pao Khao to successfully open and expand through year two. The initial capital enthronisation will allow Pao Khao to provide its customers with a value-driven, entertaining experience through the creativity of its founders. Pao Khao will entice youngsters as well as working play off (DINK) to bring their friends and family with our innovative environment, fresh Indian Snack /Ethnic food . 1 Objectives To establish a presence as a successful local fast food outlets and gain a market share in Delhi NCR Fastest growing fast food industry. To make Pao Khao a des tination topographic point for mall-goers, leisure & pleasure seekers 1. 2 Mission Our main goal is to be one of the most successful fast food outlets in Gurgaon, starting with one retail outlet located inside a major obtain mall as a market tester. Pao Khao will strive to be a premier local fast food marking in the local marketplace.We want our customers to have the total experience when visiting our outlet(s) and website as they will tally about this fascinating new pop culture. We will sell merchandise from pre-packaged chutney and t-shirts, to innovative combinations such as Idli Dhokla, all with our official brand attached to them. Our main focus will be serving high-quality food at a great value. 1. 3 Keys to Success To succeed in this business we moldiness Create a unique, innovative, entertaining menu that will differentiate us from the rest of the competition. Control costs at all times, in all areas and execute a conservative approach to growth policy. Although, we provide more than enough fund to open more than one outlet, we want to be on the full side of the business. Sell the products that are of the highest quality, as well as keeping the customers happy with all of our product categories from food to store merchandising. Provide 100% rapture to our customers and maintaining the level of excellent services among other competitors. Encourage the two most important set in fast food business brand and image, as these two ingredients are a couple of main drivers in marketing communications. Get access to high-traffic shopping malls near the target market. Promote good values of company culture and business philosophy. 2. 1 Company Ownership Pao Khao is a privately held company. It will be registered as a Limited company, with ownership 25% Hari Das Gupta, 25% Pallavi, 25% Pramod, 25% Debashish 2. 2 Start-up Summary The retail outlet will be rented at one of the target location shopping malls.Our preference is Space A, for the main rea son of reaching larger traffic. Startup requirements will be financed through owner investments. (all values in INR) a 2. 3 Company Locations and Facilities Pao Khao locations will range in size from 70100 meter square and will seat from 15 25 guests. Our first location will be on the larger end of this range. The location will feature its own originality in merchandise display and other brand expression attributes. We will equip the outlet with modern furniture and aim for cleanliness and an open feeling.We are currently looking at several possible sites in shopping malls along MG Road. The space selection will be chosen based upon the following criteria Community size minimum of 10,00,000 people within a radius of 5 kilometers. Office Areas and Tourist destination. Easy access. Large percentage of upwardly mobile upper middle class in the community. All of these qualities are consistent with Pao Khao goal of providing a top quality fast food experience. We want word-of-mouth to be our best form of marketing, where our customers value our brand as something exciting and cannot wait to tell their friends and neighbors.Pao Khao will directly compete with several fast food joints inside the chosen shopping mall, including Mac Donald, Pizza shack and other but create niche for its ethnic Indian Flavour. Products We want to focus only on selling Indian Food. Alcoholic drinks will not be sold in our outlet, as Pao Khao promotes a healthy and positive Indian lifestyle. 3. 1 Product Description Pao Khao primarily ethnic Indian highway/Snack food Chole Bature Dahi Bhalla Indian Thaali Executive Thali Rajmaa chawal or noodles.. (fusion) Pao Bhaji Dhokla etc 3. Competitive Comparison Pao Khao has several advantages over its leading competitors Unique fusion concept of Indian Food. We see a high degree of enthusiasm and offer a fun store with friendly staff, that reflects the companys youthful and energetic culture. Supporting merchandise items that support the comp anys brand building. Our innovative packaging will be more entertaining than our competitors Direct relation with farmers to procure fresh vegetable and grains at lower prices. Core inbred for successful business strategy would be 1.Indentifying appropriate and correct place for the first restaurant. 2. Quality of service and food , cleanliness 3. Commitment to customer and creating the right standard pressure 4. Chefs are key USP and need to have competency to develop this and also keep in mind attrition due to competition. 5. Marketing Without proper marketing, howsoever a good idea can fail , hence marketing strategy is paramount importance Marketing has to be both ATL and BTLSince we are promoting amidst fierce competition, we need to have aggressive marketing strategy which creates buzz in

Steel Toed Stilettos

Man is the subject charwoman is the object. This is the major premise of the gender binary hierarchy. Man is dominant and the woman sub leave outive, active and passive, rational and emotional, intemperate and weak. Hegemonic masculinity is the maintenance of practices that institutionalize mens dominance over women (Connell, 1997, p. 24). Emphasized femininity is compliance and the over all subordination of women to men (Connell). This will be an compend of female strippers and those people in their environment, with special concern regarding the objectification of women, and the misleading emphasized femininity ascribed to dancers.Men atomic number 18 the customers thought of when designing a strip auberge there argon s rumptily clad women, sports or pornography on television sets, even pool tables and arcade games. He is the subject. The women are objectified, the use of a pseudonym, or stage name, distances the customers, and the dancers, from the strippers lives verbotens ide the golf- hostelry. However, there are more parties involved than the customer and the dancer. The parties involved extend from the dancers to their agents, the gild owners/ private instructors, the municipal government as salutary as club support staff, photographers, promotional people, and others not discussed here.The agents, rarely female, must find a new club for the woman to manoeuvre in each week and for this, they receive a fifteen part commission. Agents have contracts with the dancers as well as the clubs. When and if any dancers complain rough dirty working conditions and inequitable labour practices, the agents quickly attempt to stop the denouncing. If a dancer wanted to sue a club for breach of contract, for instance, and the agents did not persuade her to stop, the treatment upon her authorize would be a sign that she was done in the strip clubs.The agent would blackball her from all clubs represented by his agency in Alberta, ninety-eight percent of the clubs are under contract to one agency effectively ensuring the womens compliance and increasing the unlikelihood that someone might speak up. In addition to the club and dancer contracts they pee, they advocate breast implants and bleached blonde hair and pole dancing. If women do receive implants, show prices increase and kind of of being a dancer, she can be a walker.Many feature performers simply walk around the stage and do not dance, an opportunity provided for them by their physical attributes. A schoolmate remarked in a discussion, obviously the girls know how to dance, its a basic job hirement. The reality is breast implants can take centre stage and relegate a lack of rhythm to a dark corner backstage. The mainstream and the sex industry reward women who have breast implants. Those dancers with large breasts will receive more funds per show than her colleague with the smaller cup size will receive if all other factors are equal.The municipal governments, specificall y the City of Edmonton and the City of Calgary, require that all exotic dancers pass a security measure clearance to control for any drug or prostitution charges also, dancers must pay an annual tip of one hundred fifty dollars for a license. The city has increased their scrutiny in regards to ones security clearance in the past two years resulting in fewer women able to work in the city and others fearing that their past transgressions exposed to everyone making them ineligible for employment.A near rejection of one Edmonton dancers license renewal illustrates the inadvertent effects of the security clearance she was required to meet the police vice and discuss a charge on her record. There was a real surmise that she would not pass if she were unable to explain her charges. It was shoplifting, no conviction, just a charge, and occurred seven years prior. Why is it necessary for a stripper to gain security clearance? Are strippers inherently more dangerous? What kinds of threat s do naked women pose?Fear of the criminality possessed by these women must not be the reason for these countingly unnecessary procedures. If it was a predominately male profession, it is highly doubtful that the same processes would be in place. The fee of one hundred fifty dollars is importantly higher than impedes or restaurants, but fortunately far below the annual three thousand dollars paid by escorts. Does the city equate strippers and escorts? The singling out of these two professions may suggest an equivocation. Why are retail workers not forced to have a license?One answer is that the government wants a share of the money these women work hard to receive. The documenting of the tips dancers receive and the money escorts receive is not necessarily reliable. These people may not fully declare their income on their taxes and the government is unable to verify the amounts. These licensing fees are in place to regu new-fashioned the dancers but there is little regulation. This is another instance of the domination attempts on these females. The club owner/manager is male for the vast majority.These men tell the agents what kind of dancers they are seeking. The owners preferences can result in the agents offering only certain women work he may want only Caucasian women, waifs, or pop music blondes. The club owner holds absolutely the power to hire and fire. After starting time meeting a dancer or after her first show of the week, or at any time during the week, the manager can fire her, sometimes without pay. A womans weight, breast size, muscle tone (be it too muscular or not enough), attractiveness, attitude, behaviour, past, are all reasons for dismissal.The fact that a woman could work an inbuilt week, and be expecting a paycheque of eight hundred dollars only to be fired hours before she is to be paid seems unfair, oppressive, exploitive, etc. There is also the possibility that instead of receiving a paycheque, one could receive a bill. The attache d hotel may be the only option in the town, deducted from the cheque, as well as telephone calls, bar tabs, restaurant bills, these alone could dramatically reduce a cheque and whence there are fines. There are no fine regulations and can commute widely between clubs.Fines are also absolute, there is no appeal process, no possibility that the Stripper Protection Agency will raid the club and arrest the fine-happy manager. If a manager hates a dancer, he could allow her to dance the week only to surprise her with a page of fines for infractions she did not commit. Fines are in place to ensure job effectiveness, productivity and presence they also lessen payrolls. Sanctions imposed for tardiness are generally one hundred dollars for every minute late for a show, no excuses. Missed shows range from two hundred fifty dollars to five hundred dollars plus the cost of the show.It is wholly within the managers power to fall to double a dancers fines. For example, during an interview with a dancer named Octavia, she told of when she was late for a show because her suitcase would not open, after a lengthy struggle the manager opened it by ripping the suitcase and then proceeded to fine her three hundred dollars for being late. She told the other dancers what had happened and they were outraged and informed the manager of such. He then doubled her fine because she had a big mouth and the other dancers were approaching him and scolding him for fining Octavia.It is a system that favors the club, adversarial to the dancer and easy to identify situations in which women could work a week for nothing, maybe less. Fired without pay and an excessive fine system are only two of the way women are overpowered, another is the unwillingness and the refusal to take away any reason to miss a show. These claims, legitimate or not, are for the vast majority of the time never taken seriously. The managers have seen & heard it all before and suspect a late night of alcohol and drugs ar e the cause of this days ailment.The male aspects of the strip trade include the agents who have a monopoly on clubs and workers, about all control over a dancers placement, much say in the hiring of a dancer, and the power to ostracize a dancer. Spotlighting the municipal government and it is hard to miss its attempts to exploit working women. The club owners have the power, and exercise it, to fire without pay, fine exorbitant amounts of money over minutes, and refuse to believe any ailments that a woman is suffering from is anything more than a hangover.After that lengthy inspection of the males of the strip club culture, the attention focuses on the females, the dancers. In her article, Feminism, Marxism, Method and the State An Agenda for Theory, Catharine A. MacKinnon (1982) states, Socially, feminineness means femininity, which means attractiveness to men, which means sexual attractiveness, which means sexual availability on male terms. If femaleness means femininity and dan cers are female, if the factors of femininity as met it is true. Dancers are attractive to men, sexually attractive in fact.Interpreting sexual availability as a willing participant in sexual activity is valid however, women can be available in general and not for a specific person. If this is correct then dancers exude femininity. They seem rather feminine, wearing form-fitting dresses, short skirts, and stiletto heels. Their make-up and hair are amazing emphasizing their attractiveness, and being naked is a sufficient condition for sexually attractive. It is suppress to consider dancers feminine in relation to MacKinnons article.The men think we do it because we love sex so much, were sex-driven throbbing mattress kittens. But when were on stage were all virgins, and then we lock eyeball with that one special guy and he might be the one to change all that . . . and then we lock eyes with the next guy and he might be the one to change all that. Men are so stupid. Octavias quote is an example of the have/hold discourse (Hollway, 1984). Wife or mistress, virgin or whore (or sex-driven throbbing mattress kittens) the dichotomy is the same and impossible to achieve.Expected to be the provocative, seductive, pure, inginue and obviously unable to use up the role, the dancer adopts a role not unlike that of a trucker. Rude, crude and crass, these women are tough. They have experienced volumes either in person, a close friend, or another dancers recollection. Assertive, aggressive, controlled, rational are usually male-specific traits but dancers are often described as such. A power shift has occurred, any previous conceptions about womens subservience to men have vanished.On stage, strippers can make men do anything, falling over themselves to throw money to her, reduced to the basest of urges. After having seen ones oppressor with his underdrawers around his ankles and his clown boxers showing, the power is not as apparent as it had been. If subsequently, the repeat viewing of the oppressor is in compromising, powerless situations, the oppressor ceases to exist, and it is simply another person. In the situation the power shifted to the dancers and the agent, the manager, the city government may exert some power over her regardless the men at the strip club are waiting for her.Exotic dancers appear to be an ultimately sexual, feminine being. However, it is not always the case they adopt attitudes perhaps better suited to their trucker or rig-working customers. The misconception that the dancers are waiting for that guy at the club is in light of the fact that many dancers have an utter hatred for males and they despise them while they pull a face and listen to his stories. The objectification that is present in the strip club may not be the dancers at all it may be the customer who is nothing other than a source for money.The personality traits, usually coded as masculine, embodied by these women, must aid them as they hustle to sell tab le dances, and convince the men to forge loonie games. The transference of power, as experienced in the strip club, would be an empowering experience for all women. The possibility of it occurring is not absurd. The emphasized femininity some women adhere to is not going to increase the likelihood of this fundamental shift. However, if any change is to occur, solidarity must first be present.

Managing Change in a workplace

IntroductionManaging adjustment in a workplace is usually instigated by both tune organization so as to enhance its production purposes as well(p) as service delivery. Therefore, change by the management necessitates a systematic readying and receptive implementation and consultation need to be carried out comprising the persons who ar going to be involved by much(prenominal) anticipated changes. However, it should be notable change should not be forced since it may not bring the desired results to the organization.It is therefore important to initiate change measures which make believe to be realistic, possible and quantifiable much(prenominal) factors are significant itemly when bearing in mind individual change in management practices. Research indicates that individuals alter their shipway particularly when they are persuaded to do so therefore, for in force(p) change to be achieved charismatic leaders should be encouraged to take up the roles of change agents in an organization. (Barbara and Jocelyne, 2006)DiscussionFirms operate in highly uncertain environment and therefore change is inevitable in order to remain focus and prosper in there business undertakings. In the current business environment it has turn out to be more and more essential for unalike industries to embrace the concept of change and in particular its technology, innovation and marketing strategies so as to sustain competitive advantage in order to prosper.Rivalry and demand in high bore goods and services has resulted to business environments to be incredibly dynamic in that it necessitates active businesses and systems to present successful reactions to such(prenominal) uncertain business environments by incorporating changes in such organizations in order to administer with such uncertain environments. alternate is any business organization is something definite so that the industry in question can cope with new technologies and challenges that crop up with time. Fo r instance, over the past International Business machines (IBM) was faced with high rivalry from its competitors which resulted to decrease of its market shares and thus low lucrativeness margins.Despite the fact that, change concept is a risky business venture for any industry, research reveals that approximately 70% of new changes carried out by different industries succeed and it has proved to be vital to the success of such industries over the long run. IBM had to undergo organization changes despite the fact that it is a risky venture. IBM changed it managerial operations because of the exterior demands and forces IBM therefore had to appraise its strategic choices so as to generate new and viable objectives that could ultimately summation the industrys productiveness levels. (Palmer and Akin, 2006)To carry out such new changes, IBM management selected the Director image of change to guide the firm in implementing such changes. The director was selected because the image allo ws the managers to go through the projected alterations by following required procedures through the cycles of suggested changes jointly with the human resources that are concerned for instance analysis of such changes, unfreezing and executing the changes.Furthermore such image of change offers the managers high control in planning the procedure of changes and also on implementing them. This run acrosss that the managers are in responsible of the activities and are able to ensure that the affect is well followed and maintained. This ensures that the proposed changes are effectively implemented. The other advantage of this image of change is that it views results from the proposed changes as certainly achievable and thus does not leave get on for doubts.In order to remain international and aggressive on the marketplace IBM had to put into practice some business improvement changes in the industry. IBM therefore considered quality when it embarked on making changes in the business development section. IBM in the process identified certain new business improvement objective and then had to create a business strategy that incorporated the following approaches of development sales improvement procedures, new product development processes, exploring new markets and structural changes.IBM also initiated improvement changes such as utilization of the concepts of e-commerce, building new and strong strategic alliances and fostered the expansion of distributions channels as well as instigating worldwide development business operations. another(prenominal) aspect that IBM concentrated on in the past is that of acquiring both small and medium sized companies. IBM implemented all such internal changes in order to improve its market share as well as become a market leader in its industry and thus increase its profitability through increment in sales. (Dyer, 1984)Therefore, the business improvement changes executed by IBM Company to an enhancement in proceeds collections as its sales increase because of improved market share. IBM Company by introducing such changes was also able to better the quality of its products to global standards as well as producing new products that met the developing needs of consumers.Procter and stake is another caller-out that has embraced the concept of change and it is typical pharmaceutical business order which has profound know-how, expertise and established competences in the pharmaceutical industry. The company has effectively produced and sold a broad array of quality and new products e.g. Ziac, Enablex, Macrodantin and Asacol among other prescription products for the last twenty five long time in the market.The company has consolidated or strengthen its market by gaining advantage over its main rivals in the market through face-off the needs of its customers, offering quality prescription products, employing competent employees, excellent management practices and through employing viable marketing strate gies for example diversification thus expanding its market share.Procter and Gamble management bring forth formulated business strategies that have in the process aided the company in increasing its sales. For example, the company has opted to market its products in particular segments in which it perceives to have competitive edge among its rivals rather than competing across the entire pharmaceutical market which was there initial strategy. This strategy has been enhanced by alert advertising campaigns by the company and the management have been able to monitor its products in the market thus they have concentrated more on those products which the customers subvert frequently. (Clark and McKenny, 1995)Another change of business strategy that the company has utilized is that of utilizing the concept of technological changes brought about as a result of globalization. Since globalization has become a coetaneous form of carrying out business, the concept of e-commerce has enabled the company market its products in its confused markets without getting involved in tedious activities like traveling.For example through the internet, the company has been able to track and monitor the performance of its products in various countries and thus enabling them to make viable decisions on which markets to be done away with and which to retain. The company is also accredit with using advance marketing techniques for example over-the-counter method enhanced by the concept of internet marketing.Procter and Gamble Company have also focused on pricing strategies that have attracted many consumers of its products unlike in the past they used to focus only on quality of the products. In essence, the companys change is that of trying to be a low cost producer in the pharmaceutical industry. Human resource being the nearly important asset in any organization, the employees of Procter and Gamble have also experienced new changes for instance the company has built a new penur y systemThe company has focused too on improving the welfare of its employees in order to achieve good results from them. The company is also accredited with good and effective forecasting techniques for example they have utilized time series technique of extrapolating the future sales of the companys products. Procter and Gamble too have modify its revenues to free cash stream in front of intentions and thus they have outpaced its rivals in the market. (Maund, 2001)Despite the intense market rivalry, Procter and Gamble as a result of such changes in its operations it have diversified its products to many nations globally and in the process the management of the company has developed the best contemporary association accredited with unsurpassed competence in logical or scientific expansion and selling of its products. We can therefore deduce that the company has been successful and will last out to strive in the long-term by maintaining its overall growth regardless of the increas ing outlay and the ever challenging competitive setting in the pharmaceutical industry because of the changes they have effected. (Clark and McKenny, 1995)ConclusionHuman resource management plays a big part in achieving organizational change in order to guarantee effectiveness and capacity in production purposes. Theoretical approaches should be applied in organizational learning in order to provide potential managers with adequate knowledge and skills on managing change. Organizational change has to be incorporated in all organizations and such changes can either be planned or unplanned depending on the rural area of affairs facing the organization.In this respect therefore, there is a greater requirement for this concept of organizational change because it forms the basis of success if it is put into practice well in any organization. This can be done by external or the internal change agents who are modernization agencies. These change agents have got various roles and challen ges in the initiation of change in organizations. (Murray and Schoonover, 1988)There are psychological and social psychological factors of individuals within the organization which affect individual responses to organizational change. All these have to be analyzed and managed in case they are affecting the change negatively. When they are affecting positively then they have to be enhanced. There are group and inter-group processes that are carried out in organizational change. All these issues if implemented excellently will result to the accomplishment of goals in organizations day to day operations. For any change to be successful the parties involved have to liaise together in order to form the whole part of anticipated changes. Therefore, change processes should be steady and ought to be sustained by facts, and statistics to support the desired change. (Timothy, 1996)ReferenceBarbara, S and Jocelyne, F. (2006) Organizational Change. 3rd Edition Prentice HallClark, T. and McKenny , J. (1995) Procter and Gamble- Improving consumer value through process redesign, Harvard Business School, Boston.Dyer, W, (1984) Strategies for Managing Change. Reading, Massachusetts Addison Wesley Publishing Company, IncMaund, L. (2001) An Introduction to Human Resource Management Theory and Practice Macmillan, PalgraveMurray, D. and Schoonover, S. (1988) Changing Ways A Practical Tool For Implementing Change Within Organizations. New York, New York AMACOM, A Division of American Management Association.Timothy, G. (1996) The Human Side of Change. San Francisco, California Jossey-Bass Inc., Publishers.Palmer, I. and Akin, G. (2006) Managing organizational change a multiple perspectives approach, McGraw- hillock Irwin

Oppression of Women in 19th Century Literature

Oppression of Women in 19th deoxycytidine monophosphate Lit dateture In the stories The Jewelry by Guy de Maupassant, The reputation of an Hour by Kate Chopin, and The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, the female divisions are unequal and less principal(prenominal) than the men in society. The duties of women during this prison term period did not consist of much more than seeing to her maintains needs and caring for the home and children. The authors show the omit of independence women were allowed in the 1800s, especially in marriage. The stories express womens cry for equality and their feelings of entrapment in their marriage.Each grade elaborates on the importance of social class in the 19th century, how women were presented in society, and how society trap and defined them as individuals. Maupassant conveys the importance of marriage during this time frame when he includes in The Jewelry that Mrs. Lantins perplex visited bourgeois families in hopes of marr ying her daughter shoot (Booth69). The publics view on matrimony took a toll on the independent stops and decisions of women. A womans image at this time was important it reflected who they were, as well as where they came from.Expectations for women to fulfill their duties as a homemaker left little room to deviate from the social normality. Women usually depended on their husbands income to support their life-style seldom were they employed. Therefore, m either women fancied men who were of a high social class. In The Jewelry, Mrs. Lantins mother searched among the families of the middle class to find a husband for her daughter. Maupassant mentions in the story that Mrs. Lantin and her mother were poor. In order to relieve her daughter of the burdens of poverty, Mrs. Lantins mother seek to find a husband who was of a higher social status.Due to the substantial increase in the size, power, and prestige of the middle class, the 19th century became known as the century of the mid dle class(Women in the Middle Class 1). An individuals wealth contributed to how they were viewed by other members of society. To some, image seemed like the most important characteristic one could have. In the story, Mrs. Lantin wears precious stones and pearls when she attends the theatre (Booth 70). Her husband mentions how they do not have the means to afford such extravagant treasures, but his married woman insists on wearing the jewelry in public anyway. Mrs.Lantin may be considered wealthy by the public because she wears precious stones. But in real life, her husband does not make enough to support the lavish image she gives off to others. She continues to wear the jewelry out, portraying an image of wealth and well-being. Maupassant mentions in his story how it is unsightly for women to go out in public unaccompanied by their husband (Booth 70). Again, this establishes the unequal views towards women in the 1800s. If it was uncommon for a woman to travel alone, the idea of a woman supporting herself, or even deciding for herself would have been absurd.In a society where the public frowns upon the idea of female independence, many another(prenominal) women were forced to hide any ideas or desires for change they may have had. In this time, if women were to rebel or stand against domesticity, they were often declared insane, and confined to a mental asylum (Women and abnormal psychology 1). Here, they were treated even more poorly than when they were in the custody of their husbands. The fear of consequences silenced many women who may have desired something more than the typical lifestyle of a home maker.In The Story of an Hour, Chopin expresses the thoughts that could have been running through the minds of women who were caught in this time of gender inequality. Mrs. Mallard is described in Chopins story as a typical married woman of the 19th century. A woman we can imply has stood faithfully by her husband and fulfilled her connubial duties through out the years of their union. In the story, Mrs. Mallard has obviously suffered a terrible loss in learning of her husbands death. We can tell by her reactions that she cared deeply for him. In the midst of her grieving, Mrs.Mallard pictures the time that is to come, when she will be able to make all of her own decisions and will be given the freedom to live her life as she pleases. Suddenly, she feels relieved more than she is upset. She knew that she would weep again when she saw the kind, tender hands folded in deathbut she saw beyond that blistering moment a long procession of years to come that would belong to her absolutely (Booth 307). Her desire for freedom overcame the despair of her husbands death. Chopin includes that Mrs. Mallard assay to fight off these ideas with her will (Booth 307).Her embraced feelings of independence could have been viewed as forbidden. Although she is excited by these thoughts, she tries to resist the pleasure she truly feels when she realizes t he freedom that she has gained. The words free, free, free escape from her mouth (Booth307). She attempted to hold back the overwhelming desires for her own life. Perhaps she is hesitant to welcome these feelings because of the public view on womens rights, and the potential consequences for those who unlike such views. Despite the faithfulness and love Mrs.Mallard showed for her husband, the extreme relief she felt in no longer having a marital obligation overpowered her feelings of sadness and loss. At the end of the story, Mrs. Mallards husband walked through her front door in the flesh, but Mrs. Mallards heart could not handle the excitement. The doctors verbalise she died of joy that kills. Since Mrs. Mallard was so overwhelmed by her newly gained idea of independence, one can assume this joy is that of forbidden pleasure. Many would consider it immoral to involve so easily the death of ones betrothed just because of the freedom acquired.The story shows how it was wrong for women to desire independence from their husbands, regardless of they were treated. In many cases, men responded to their wives as they would children by limiting their options and making choices for them. Eventually, ideas emerged that women were truly incapable of anything other than caring for their families. In The Yellow Wallpaper, Gilman clearly expresses how John (the husband) treats his wife similarly to how one might treat a child. On one occasion, he even refers to his wife as little girl.The name itself signifies the lack of maturity women were thought to have, along with their defenselessness. Ideas such as these allowed men to dominate over decisions made in foretokenholds, and in most cases, over women themselves. The narrator tells in the story how her husband will hardly let her stir without special direction (Booth 323). Throughout the story, the narrator mentions several things to her husband regarding her discomfort in the house and her wishes for early departur e, but each time she is disregarded, or redirected.While women were subject to orders, men were free to do as they please. There were very few who decided to pronounce in favor of equality for women of those who did, most were sent to an asylum. This allowed little hope for women seeking progress or escape. Gilman illustrates this in his story. The outside pattern becomes bars, and the woman rear it as plain as could be (Booth 323). he is saying that there is woman trapped in the wallpaper, but more importantly he is cover the feelings of entrapment faced by women. Most living conditions were similar among women.The desire for equality was a mutual feeling amongst the women of the 1800s. Gilman writes Sometimes I think there are a great and many women behind it (Booth 325). This signifies how many women in this time shared similar feelings of complication in terms of their marriage and their place in society. Without a voice to lead them out of sexual oppression, most women accep ted the conditions given to them. The ideas of 19th century society sculpted lives of many women in ways that were not enjoyable, and rather served as a burden to the women who were indeed victimized in this time frame.The way a woman presented herself in society potently reflected her character. Matrimony or lack thereof, served as a strong basis to this social image which was very important. Each story mentioned holds a female character who is in some way oppressed by the social dominance of men. Each character it treated unequally, or as if they were of little importance. Women in this era were trapped in their own lives. Works Cited Anderson, Lori. Marriage and Women From 19th Century On. Women and Issues of a Woman. CyberParent, n. d. Web. 9 February 2013. Booth, Allison, and Kely J. Mays. The Norton Introduction to Literature. 10th ed. Ed. Peter Simon. New York W. W. Norton, 2011. Print. McElligott, Caitlin. The 19th Century Debate. Womens Higher Education in the United St ates. N. p. n. d. Web. 24 February 2013. Women and Psychiatry. Brought to Life. Science Museum, n. d. Web. 20 February 2013. Women in the Middle Class in the 19th Century. http//web. clark. edu/afisher/HIST253/lecture_text/WomenMiddleClass_19c_Europe. pdf. N. p. n. d. Web. 2 process 2013.

Is Daycare Harmful to the Development of Infants Essay

There catch been many concerns over the past several years on whether or not earliest day cover causes negative or positive effects on the development of children. These fears are influenced by the fact that the early separation of a mar from his mother may cause emotional harm to the child or disrupt the mother-infant bond. Studies continue to research the effects of early daycare on children The represent of living has made it nearly impossible for mothers to stay at home even in the very beginning of their newborns life. This means that person else will be responsible for ensuring that the baby is cared for while their mother is at work. Each and every day well-meaning and loving parents are forced by economic pressure to place infants, even as young as two weeks old in daycare. Studies have shown that the beginning of a babys life, especially the first year is a critical period in the attachment process. The question is Is childcare harmful to the emotional development of infants?There have been many concerns over the past several years on whether or not early daycare causes negative or positive effects on the development of children. These fears are influenced by the fact that the early separation of a baby from his mother may cause emotional harm to the child or disrupt the mother-infant bond. Studies continue to research the effects of early daycare on children. If a mother is forced economically to work during her childs early stages of development that means that during the childs waking hours, he will have no contact at all with the person/persons with whom he mustiness develop a strong and stable emotional bond (usually, his parents).This fact has to interfere with the attachment process of infants. In an article I read it declared that the results when mothers of infants work outside the home are completely neutral, but further on in the article (page 63) we learn that child behaviors subsequently the mother work full-time outside the h ome in the first year of life, together with consideration for the timing of the start of that work, be it at three, six, or nine months after birth At age 4.5, children whose mothers had worked (full-time) at three months, six months, or nine months have significantly much than externalizing behavior problems than children whose mothers did not work in the first year and this also was the case when the children reached first grade. (MROZEK, A, 2010)I) Effects of chelacare on Emotional DevelopmentThe field Institute of Child Health and piece Development (NICHD) conducted a comprehensive study between 1991- 2007 to observe and document the effects of daycare on over 1,000 preschool age children. The Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development, revealed key areas of child development that were influenced by day care providers and experiences. In some instances when a young child was left with a day care provider, the child exhibited a range of negative emotions and behaviors which included crying and clinging to parents, and screaming or hiding from the daycare provider after their parents had left. These children frequently developed insecure attachment issues and separation anxiety however other children adjusted more readily and eagerly joined their peers, barely acknowledging when their parents had left the room. These children demo more security, less separation anxiety and greater preparedness for eventually entering school.II) Effects of Daycare on Behavioral DevelopmentChildren who attended daycare at an early age were more likely to develop negative behavioral issues, which included aggression and noncompliance. According to a study conducted by the National Institute of Health (NIH) they demonstrated a connection between childrens poor behavior and the amount of time worn-out(a) in day care settings. According to the NIH study, elementary school teachers reported that students who regularly spent ten or more hours per week in day care tende d to be more argumentative, disobedient and unruly in class. However in regards to a high quality daycare the NIH found that these attentive, stimulating day care environments produced children who were overall more cooperative and positive in their interactions with caregivers, peers and parents.III) Effect of Daycare on Cognitive DevelopmentSchool age children who spent significant time in daycare as infants frequently have better verbal, reading and math skills throughout the elementary school years. This is often the case in children from disadvantaged families wherein they excel more in academic development if they had spent time in daycare during their infancy and the early childhood years. This may be because the daycare setting may offer more opportunities for them to improve their skills. Children who participated in daycare during early childhood tend to have a larger vocabulary which enhanced their language development. research conducted by the National Institutes of He alth published in Child Development suggests that children frequently benefit from daycare in terms of cognitive development. The study showed that children who spent time in daycare during their early childhood continued to score higher on academic achievements even into the high school years.IV) Effects on Social DevelopmentChildren in daycare settings at an early age had a greater ability to form relationships with peers and adults than children who did not attend daycare. This is because there are instances when aside from daycare the child would not be in consistent contact with other children their age, therefore daycare provides them with that opportunity.Conclusions and FindingsAfter reviewing the research concerning the effects of daycare attendance on the emotional, cognitive, and amicable development of infants a wide spectrum of results can be noted. I believe that if the parents commit themselves to finding a high quality daycare the effects on these areas of developme nt could even be considered positive especially in terms of an infants social and cognitive development.ReferencesMROZEK, A. (2010, Aug 19). Research unclear on how daycare affects childdevelopment. The Gazette. Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com/docview/746423295?accountid=32521 Pritchett, J. (2009, Dec 29). Daycare opens doors of opportunity proposed early learning and child care act seen as positive step for young mothers, children. Telegraph-Journal. Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com/docview/423338000?accountid=32521 http//www.nichd.nih.gov/publications/pubs/upload/seccyd_06.pdf http//www.nationalacademies.org/headlines/20070404.html

Distinctive Voices Essay

Through the social function of techniques, writers are evidently able to develop a wide range of distinctive vocalizations and bring hoi polloi and their experiences to life. When distinctive voices are bring into beingd, it helps the reader to understand and perhaps even relate to the character of the text. The use of distinctive voices ensures people to be created and their experiences to be brought to life. The Life and Crimes of hassle lavender, written by Marele Day, is strategic everyy able to create distinctive voices and experiences throughout the novel by incorporating a variety of characters including Claudia Valentine, a young-bearing(prenominal) research worker in big city Sydney, Australia, and provoke Lavender, the antagonist of the novel and the boss of Sydneys underworld. Days strong and clever use of techniques, effectively create a range of signifi quite a littlet, distinctive voices. In contrast, Weapons Training by Bruce Dawe is able to create a very st rong, distinctive voice that brings to life the character of a strong-minded, stern drill sergeant, as he delivers a monologue to all the young new recruits. Both texts have used a deliberate resource of techniques, and creation of the distinctive voices within the texts.Claudia Valentine is the main character of Marele Days hard boiled crime parable novel The Life and Crimes of Harry Lavender. Claudias character is quite significant as there are very few detective novels written and published that have a female snobbish investigator as the main character. For the entirety of the novel, the style is set in first person narrative voice. This indicates the reader with be seeing the events through the characters eyes and hearing slightly them through her distinctive voice. Through the setting of Sydney and visual images such as the empty bottle of whisky, ashtrays of cigarettes, the in the altogether light bulb and the blond in the bed, Day establishes a racy, contemporary urban c ity scene with the pessimistic and derisive voice of the narrator to be our guide. Throughout the opening scene, we are ignorant of the narrators sex and name. This ispurposely done to play with the responders assumptions in response to gender stereotypes and to build the tough, determined and witty voice of Claudia Valentine.Claudias voice changes throughout the novel. The opening passage establishes Claudias voice as be that of a typical private investigator. This is to aid to the crime fiction genre idea. This anchors the readers perception of the character as firmly part of the crime fiction genre. Her tone is formal when speaking in a professional capacity, for example, when speaking to the Levack family Ill come straight to the point Mrs Levack. Im investigating the death of Mark Bannister , who lived over there in that flat.. This formal, straight-forward and firm voice is Claudias public voice. However, behind the strong private investigator wall she holds up, Claudia has a very private voice which is hardly undefended to anyone but herself. We see this change in voice when she is with Steve Angell.Her speech communication changes and softens somewhat in her interactions with Steve. She comments throughout the text The brightest thing about the day was that Steve had dropped into it. Claudias private voice also has a hint of seductiveness when she is communicating with Steve He was stunning. As tall as me, if not taller, with eyes like the pools you find beneath waterfalls. It was all I could do to stop myself taking off all my clothes and diving in.. Claudias private voice also reveals a lot of love, nettle and attachment to her two children her live with her ex-husband Gary. This is revealed through a phone call Claudia makes to Gary after she fears for her childrens safety To hear their voices, to know my flesh and demarcation was safe. My babies..In Days novel, another character with a distinctive voice is revealed, however this distinctive v oice is much different to the voice of Claudia. Harry Lavender, the antagonist of the novel, is the boss of Sydneys crime underworld. Harrys voice is distinctive in the poetic tone of the language used. The use of imagery and metonymic language allows the reader to perceive Lavender as being a sophisticated and powerful character The people hold sprigs of lavender, like rosemary on Anzac day.. Harry Lavenders voice is powerful and evocative, as he describes how he will be believeed when he dies, and how he has higher power over police and authority police allow me safe passage. Even though Harry is dying, his body decaying, in the same way he has brought about the moral decay of the city, his voice is still ominous and commanding.Harry is a powerful man who has built his fame on an empire of corruption. He is used to being in control and ironically, we see Lavender unable to control the most important aspect of his life, his own body. Day uses various techniques in this passage to lift the voice of the crime boss, Harry Lavender. Day uses poetic and figurative language such as It is my image that is reflected in that glass. Day also uses metaphor in It is my body crumbling, not the city. to describe the way that the cancer is consuming and destroying Lavenders body. Consecutive, short, and simple sentences are used to construct Lavenders voice. And finally, repeat is used in the final line to reinforce Lavenders command over the city and his influence in this place They will remember me, oh yes, they will remember..In contrast, related text Weapons Training by Bruce Dawe is able to bring a drill sergeant to life as well as his past experience through a distinctive voice. Dawes poem opens in the middle of a sentence, in the middle of the drill sergeants monologue. This device captures our attention and gives a sense of immediacy of being on the spot. This is effective as we are not just being told about the sergeant, we can actually hear him. The sergeant qu estions the young soldiers but doesnt wait for answers. He talks so fast that recruits can hardly take in let alone think about it. This is effective as the soldiers and the readers have to learn to react reflexively.The sentiment is done for the readers/soldiers and they have to absorb what is said without thinking about it and do what they are told. The drill sergeant speaks in a fairly broad Australian idiom, using the language and clichd humour of the number Australian. Some of the colloquialisms used, such as youve copped the bloody lot or worse luck are specifically Australian. The dramatic quality used also helps to create a distinctive voice within the poem. He is the typical bullying, sarcastic drill sergeant, so its easy for us to vividly imagine him and his voice. His language is colloquial are you a queer?, thats right grab and check/the magazine man . His language is also full of clichs includingintimate references your trusty weapon, a mob of little yellows. Dawes te chniques provide a very distinctive and strong voice for the poem.Through a strong use of techniques including Australian idiom, colloquialism and tone, both Marele Day and Bruce Dawe are effectively able to bring people and their experiences to life through distinctive voice.

Characteristics of a Human Service Professional Essay

Individuals working in hospice are a great example of chronic bereavement. Chronic Bereavement refers to multiple losses and implicate the effects of chronic anticipatory, and unresolved grief, as well as the compounding effects of experiencing several episodes of grief concurrently (Hooyman p 349). While meeting the stimulated needs of the dying and their families health goods professionals dont have always have time to deal with their own grief appropriately. Compassion have onCompassion fatigue describes the convergence of secondary traumatic stress and cumulative stress or burnout, which is most prevalent among professionals, family members, and associates of trauma survivors (Hooyman p350). Many human service workers have had some kind of early-life trauma that influenced their career choice which makes them more vulnerable to compassion fatigue. The symptoms of compassion fatigue are similar to those of primary traumatic stress disorder. They differ in that compassion fatig ue doesnt affect the health care provider. Vicarious TraumatizationVicarious traumatization (VT) is defined as the negative rendering in a helpers inner experience that takes place as a result of deep empathic engagement with traumatized clients couples with a comprehend of professional responsibility to help. (Hooyman p350). There are many considerations when treating vicarious traumatization, especially during self-care such as sense, balance, and connection. Awareness is to recognize signs and symptoms of vicarious traumatization, avoid substances that numb your feelings and awareness and listen to those who have noticed changes in you and discuss those changes. Balance is setting limits to availability to therapeutic work and setting realistic expectations. Then you need to get it on to apply what you have learned in the workplace and your personal life. BurnoutBurnout is one of the main reasons for the quick turnaround in the health care profession. Burnout refers to physic al, emotional, and psychological exhaustion accompanied by a sense of demoralization and diminishing caring and creativity and personal accomplishments. (Hooyman p352) To avoid burnout to quickly, health professionals may need to take longsighted weekends or vacations to rejuvenate themselves. CountertransferenceCountertransference is broadly defined as the personal reactions elicited in the professional relationship, directed toward the client and stemming from the professionals previous experiences. (Hooyman p 355) Countertransference occurs when a health care provider has unresolved issues and those issues affect the patient. Countertransference reactions include but are not limited to being overprotective, rejecting a client, needing constant citation or reinforcement. Self-awareness is necessary to avoid countertransference.

Response to literature- black snake: the daring of Ned Kelly Essay

Bushrangers are known to be ruthless outlaws. Many people have design of Ned Kelly as a villain, some think of him as a hero or possibly a victim in most cases. Ned Kelly has committed various villainous acts or has been a part of scenes where he most likely wasnt supposed to be. However, Ned has also done heroic acts and has been victimized by some Victorians at the time. Ned Kelly had been expected to be a villain since a young age. Young Ned had done many things a twelve year old wouldnt think of committing, such as robbing a bank. Ned was to begin with sentenced to an unexpected trial because he was caught by a trooper when he was flashing a clam in the local streets of Greta. Apparently, Ned thought the sawbuck he was riding belonged to a friend of the family who leftover not long ago unless the horse was actually taken. Ned had explained to the judge that he didnt know that the horse was stolen.Unfairly, the judge charged Ned for receiving a stolen horse and was sentenc ed to tercet years of hard labor. As for the family friend who stole the horse, he was sentenced to only six months of hard labor. Many Victorians thought that he deserved it, although, I bank he was highly victimized at the scene of the trial. Ned had always been highly protective of his family. There was a scene that happened at the Kellys house between a trooper that spread everywhere in Victoria. A fellow constable had arrived drunk at the Kellys doorstep to arrest Neds associate Dan who was accused of horse stealing. Later on, the constable started to act inappropriately towards Neds sister Kate.Neds begin got a hold of a shovel and dented the constables helmet. After the crime scene, a trial for the chance occurred and Neds mother had to serve three years of hard labor until individual pays the bailing payment. Ned, Dan and two mates of theirs formed a fugitive gang and robbed banks and did obscured acts to pay the bail money. Many distinct stories have been recorded. T his may be a villainous and slightly idiotic thing to do but some may think it is loyal and heroic. There was one incident that made all Victorians reach on Ned. There was a shooting at Stringybark Creek where the Kelly gang had their hideout. The results from the shooting scene left two women widowed and nine children fatherless. Since then, there had been an increasing reward for the find of the Kelly gang. Despite all the villainous acts stated, Ned Kelly was victimized through many events. All his and his familys trials were unfair due to biasness.Victorians judged the Kelly family and no one listened to their come out of view. Ned Kelly stated that the incident at Stringybark Creek was a misunderstanding and that they never planned to shoot. As for the incident at the Kelly house, Ned Kelly was never at the crime scene and was believed to be four hundred-six hundred miles away. It was that the constable was beam of light by Mrs. Kelly herself but tended the wounds. When the constable went back to the station, he had told the judge, fellow Victorians and partners that is was Ned who shot him. Nevertheless, the judge charged Mrs. Kelly for three years of hard labor and since then, Victorians had been on the hunt for the Kellys. Through many of Ned Kellys past events, due to all reasoning and evidence stated, it is quite clear that Ned Kelly was put through many crime scenes that he and his family were victimized in.

The History of Fashion & Costume

The narration of Fashion & Costume Fashion & Costume Costume has developed for thousands of years, the most obvious line of part is the male and female dress. The classicals and the Romans wore tunics which argon similar to skirts. In this period the garments would have a draped percentage point whether it is masculine or feminine. The fashion history on ancient Greece has been inspired by the Greek vases, pots and statues. The Greek and Romans would use fabrics like silk and linen. Ancient EgyptAncient Egypt is a very hot climate, the costumes were always white because white reflects the lie which is cooler to wear. The ancient Egyptian women with blueer class wear wigs they could be made out of human hair or animal hair. They wore wigs because they had to protect there heads from the sun, they were also feminine for the upper class women and had quaint styles such as beading and braiding that still goes on to this present day. Egyptian garments were a nifty quality for tho usands of years the Egyptians woven cotton.Animal skins were worn by the priest and pharaohs. Manufacturing the garments was mostly the womens Job and mainly through with(p) at home, the workshops were run by the men. The important textile was linen which produced from flax. Haute Couture Haute couture is a French phrase for high fashion. Couture meaner hand-made dress making sewing and needle work. Haute meaner elegant and high. There are famous couture visualizeers in France and are a huge success to this day such as Coco Channel, Christian Dior and Gucci.Depending on the couture design house and the garment the couture item would start from EIA,OOH. A Channel couture suit in 2002 would have EYE,OOH by 2004 an evening dress would cost EYE,OOH or more. The reason why these garments are sky high is because of the name, originality of the eccentric design and the finest quality in fabrics. Fashion Fashion reflects on peoples personality every human cosmos has a different style. T here are many different cultures in fashion where ever you go around the world the fashion sense maybe traditional. By Fidelity

Japan Airlines Flight 123 Essay

August 12, 1985- Japan Airlines flight 123 go forth Tokyo, Japan at around 610 in the evening, fourteen minutes later at an altitude of twenty four thousand feet, and deuce-ace hundred knots, an explosion, oscillations, and cabin decompressions was heard and captured on the horizontals on board recorder. The captain on duty was seated at the right location of the sail and his co-pilot, who was at that time training for pro query to be a captain, was sitting on the go forth seat. A few moments later, the captain signals an SOS on the transponder and suggests that the flight return to Tokyo.The airplane went down to twenty devil thousand feet and went on doing violent movements the plane, for about two minutes was doing a Phugoid, or longitudinal motion and rolls. The captain and his co-pilot were helpless and had no means in controlling the airplanes heading with the usual flight control inputs. Their only way of limited control is done through contrive differentials. The pla ne was able to maintain an altitude of twenty two thousand feet and two hundred and fifty knots for an approximate duration of twenty minutes.At around 639 in the evening, the main set down gear was deployed which caused the erratic movements of the plane to intensify. The plane then did a controlled turn to the left while locomote to eight thousand feet. Erratic movement of the plane meanwhile, continue. At 647 PM, the plane was in a mountainous area, the plane increased power, and they were at five thousand and three hundred feet. The flutter of the plane were extended at 651 PM that caused the roll angle of the plane to be sixty degrees, the crew starts to move the flaps and increase thrust.The plane was at ten thousand feet when it began a nose dive at a very fast eighteen thousand feet per minute. The crew countered this by lifting the nose. 656 PM the airplane crashed at the mountains on an altitude of five thousand feet and three hundred and forty knots. Roughly forty si x minutes since take-off and thirty two minutes since the decompression. Boeing, as owners of the plane, are somehow responsible for the crash but definitely they are not the only ones to goddamned and do not deserve to be blamed in entirety.Part of the responsibility lies with Japan Airlines who maintains the plane. In fairness to Boeing, they have provided specific repair instructions to the plane that was not followed by those who were responsible for the repairs. The plane had previously suffered damage to the bulkhead in 1978 but was not repaired right on. As stated in the report, The initiation and multiplication of the fatigue cracks are attributed to the improper repairs of the bulkhead, conducted in 1978, and since the fatigue cracks were not found in the later care inspection, this contributed to the accident. (Aviation Safety Network, 2008). Boeing did its part by providing proper instructions but their failure to see to it that they were carried out properly contribu ted to the crash which makes them partly guilty of neglect. There was confusion on the rescue operation, A US possess helicopter was the first at the scene, about twenty minutes after impact. The US chopper in turn, informed Yokota Air Base and offered backup. But the US helicopter was ordered to return to base because Japanese forces were to handle the mission.Poor visibility at the crash site prompted the Japanese team to report that in that respect were no survivors and made it impossible to land. Thinking that there were no survivors the rest of the rescue team waited public treasury the next morning to check out the site. But there were survivors, reports show that injuries on the bodies found advert that they survived the crash but were not given immediate medical attention which caused their deaths.If the helicopter pilot hadnt reported abruptly that there were no survivors, there could have been. References Aviation Safety Network. (2007). Applying Lessons learned from A ccidents. from http//aviation-safety. clams/database/record. php? id=19850812-1 Air Disaster. com (n. d). Special Report Japan Airlines 123. from http//www. airdisaster. com/special/special-jal123. shtml Jackson, H. (1985). 524 Killed in worst single air disaster. from http//www. guardian. co. uk/fromthearchive/ storey/0,,1017027,00. html

Project Management Tools/Methods Essay

everywhere the years, Information Technology (I. T) expulsions has been cognize to fail, that is, they are either completed with everywhere budget or non completed within clipping and budget. Information Technology regorges are often convoluted and detailed in nature and require cognitive knowledge and skills for its accomplishment. I. T projects are often difficult to suppose and trade as some projects are either cancelled or reduced in scope because of oer budgeting and time over imbibes or failure to produce anticipated benefits (Kumar, 2001). Failure of I.T projects is often characterised by the inability to meet the customers requirement or change in requirements during the project. To achieve a roaring project, monitor lizarding and find process performance is important, that is, control of Information Technology projects involves the use of appropriate steering frameworks/ orderologies and planning tools. In this report, we are going to look at the motley wa ys of we can monitor and manage I. T projects, evaluating some oversight frameworks/methodologies and planning tools used with critical analysis on their functions, benefits as well as their weaknesses. switch monitoring and control are steps taking to keep overcompensate of a project process to ensure its success. Project monitoring is the gathering of information to determine the authentic state and progress of a Project in relation to its expected state and success (McBride, 2008 Aljibouri, 2003). scorn efforts put into project planning, things do change or conk that cause our project to derail. At this point, an efficient monitoring and control process is useful and required to get the project back on course.It is in the control and monitoring process that we keep track of the project process, identify deviations, and determine and implement disciplinal actions. Many Organisations tend to manage I. T projects in an unstructured or ad hoc manner end-to-end its life cycle with limited understanding of the relationship between I. T project implementation and tralatitious business performance metrics (Stewart, 2008). The attention to memorial and monetary value are of ut almost relevance in project monitoring and control as well as the scope of the project, encounter and change control plus the over apiece performance measurement and reporting.The essential purpose of project monitoring and control is to qui vive the project manager to any project inter-dependencies that are becoming critical in terms of actors line date, resource allocation, cost or benefits (Lycett et. al, 2002). The basic challenge of project counsel in achieving its goals it based on managing transactionively its typical constraints which include time, scope, budget. The following activities are involved in monitoring and control of I. T Projects * The adoption of appropriate management framework/methodological analysis reporting structure, assessing progress, communicatio n. Use of Planning and scheduling tools/techniques e. g. Gantt chart, pert, CPA, west by south e. t. c * Data control reporting progress of risk or staff activities focussing FRAMEWORKS/METHODOLOGIES Project management methodologies can be tell to be a set of principles or guidelines that can be defined and applied in monitoring and control of projects. Project management framework defines and determines how to initiate and run a project. These various methodologies ensure * Clearly visible and defined management process for project accomplishment * Defined line of reporting and decision making Risk management * Staff are fitly trained and suitable to handle and run projects * Commitment to the proposed project. There so legion(predicate) various methodologies on tap(predicate) as it all depends which suits the organisation practice. Here are a few of some well known ones below PRINCE 2 It is an acronym for Project IN Controlled Environment. PRINCE 2 is a structured project management methodology and a widely used standard for managing I. T projects. It significantly provides assistance with the optimal usage of resources with risk management initiatives to manage projects.Elkington and smallman (2000), argues that though the PRINCE 2 method has greatly increased the success rate of projects, only it has little in the way of directing project managers in handling project risk. It offers no ad guilt to project managers on risk estimation. PRINCE 2 promotes consistency of project work and also facilitates staff mobility, reduction of force out change impact. The method also provides for the absolute recognition of project responsibilities in order for participants to understand each(prenominal) others role.The Prince 2 method helps you work out who should be involved and their responsibility. Due to the legion(predicate) changes attached to I. T projects, PRINCE 2 has a technique of controlling the impact of change in a project so as to prevent the p roject from derailing from the right direction. SSADM Structured System Analysis and construct Method is a method widely used in information system development in the U. K. it is based on data flow diagram. SSADM divides a system development project into stages, steps and labours and provides a framework for analysing projects in a defined way to manage project.It aims at improving project management and control, develop quality systems, and establish a framework for good communication among personnel in a project team. It also ensures project continuity if there is a loss of staff without any effect on the project success (Middleton and McCollum, 2001). However, some limitations occur in the use of SSADM as it puts much accent on the analysis of the system and its documentation. This causes the impact of over-analysing, and can be cost and time consuming. Also, due to various types of description method, consistency checks cannot be carried out.The outline diagram can become ve ry unclear, especially with gravid systems because all relevant data flow mother to be included. Agile Methodology Agile exploitation is a term that covers several iterative and incremental software development methodologies. This agile methodologies includes scrummage, Extreme scroll (XP), Dynamic systems development method (DSDM), Crystal, Feature-Driven development (FDD) e. t. c Agile Software development represents a major departure from traditional plan based approaches to software engineering (Dyba and Dingsoyr, 2008).Each of these Agile methods is unique in its specific approach, only when they all share a common core values and vision. Agile method is a new system development methodology which is used by software development teams to cleanse the software development process in terms of increased productivity of I. T personnel and higher(prenominal) quality of the final I. T solutions (Chan and Thong, 2008). According to Chan and Thong, (2008) Reifer, (2002), agile m ethodologies, such as Extreme programming (XP) and Scrum have received praise from practitioners because of their abilities to deal with volatile requirements.Although the deployment of these agile methodologies by I. T personnel is unruffled resistance, industry surveys have indicated that its acceptance in I. T organisations is still at an early phase with many respondents indicating a limited knowledge (Chan and Tong, 2008). Also, in as much as the agile method have generated quite a bit of controversy, but since its entrance into the software community, most projects have continued to utter high quality software systems within time than the traditional processes. BASIC I. T PROJECT MANAGEMENT PLANNING AND SCHEDULING TOOLSDifferent types of planning and scheduling tools exists, but we are going to discuss some of the basic one used in managing Information technology projects ilk Gantt Charts, CPM, PERT, WBS Gantt chart and faultfinding course Analysis flow diagrams are two c ommonly used tools for detailed project management planning, scheduling, costing and budgeting. Gantt chart is a typical scheduling method for most types of projects. A Gantt chart provides a graphical interpreter of a schedule which helps in planning, co-ordinating and tracking specific assesss in a project. A key feature of Gantt charts is its focus on systemic rather than algorithmic solutions to utilisation problems (Wilson, 2003). It specifies confused childbed sequence, that is, a task or more can be required to be completed forrader other tasks can dismount. According to Maylor, (2001), he emphasizes that the use of Gantt chart in controlling information systems projects is salutary as it shows clearly the overlap of scheduled tasks, which commonly occurs in system development. Gantt chart supports modification of task dependencies, creation of new task connector as well as re-scheduling individual tasks.It also helps to quantify the progress of a project. Although, G antt chart is a widely used and beneficial tool which gives clear illustration of project status, it also has some limitations. Gantt chart do not show task dependencies of one task to another, that is, it is difficult for you to see or tell the effect of a task falling behind schedule of which PERT chart does. Also, Gantt chart does not show the necessity of completing one task before the start of another as decisive Path Analysis will do. Gantt chart is also often used as a reporting tool.PERT and CPM Type Program Evaluation and Review Techniques (PERT) and Critical Path Method (CPM) are useful tools that help to manage and schedule complex projects. Activities of a complex projects can be performed parallel and some sequentially. The collection of these activities can be modelled as a network. PERT type network looks for the schedule to minimize the objective function of the total elapsed project time, that is, it determines the start and the finish multiplication of each activi ty or task. CPM type is based on the critical path method.It looks for the schedule with the minimum cost in a definite period of time (a case where the cost is associated with each task). CPM provides a graphical view of a project, helps predict the time required for project closing and shows which activities are critical to maintaining the schedule and which are not. CPM execution can enable monitoring and control over various topics uniquely related to software projects (Gelbard et al, 2002). The CPM considers a set of precedence relations between the tasks of a project, that is, some tasks must be finished before other tasks can be started (Conde, 2009).CPM helps to plan all tasks that must be completed as part of a project. When managing I. T projects, CPM helps to get a project back on course by showing you where remedial actions need to be taken as in the case of Gantt Charts. CPM type is deterministic as it uses a fixed time estimate for each activity. According to Chanas a nd Zielinski, (2001) Yakhchali et al (2009), they emphasizes that the importance of CPM is that the activities duration time are deterministic and known, but the self-confidence cannot invariably be fulfilled with satisfying accuracy.Therefore, in order to deal with imprecise durations, they suggested that PERT method be used, which has conception of random variable with beta distribution to model the activity times. However, CPM is simple and easy to understand, but it does not consider the time variations that can have a huge impact on complex project completion time. For less routine projects, there is more uncertainty in the completion times of which PERT network is an alternative as it allows a range of durations to be indicated for each activity. The reduction of time and cost required for project completion is one of the capabilities of a PERT network.PERT assumes that the time estimate for an activity lies within the range of earliest time and latest time. It uses a three time estimates (optimistic, most likely, pessimistic) to compute the expected average time. However, PERT technique provides less benefit if the uncertainty of time estimates is comparatively small and irrelevant. Chanas et al, (2001) and Conde, (2008) agrees that the PERT assumes beta distributions for the individual task completion times but also that the assumption and some other conditions are not exempt for criticism. Apart from that, PERT provides a scheduling tool that is based on resource reallocation and ordering the project activities for cognitively driven task like software projects and research/development projects. The main drawback of PERT technique is the difficulty of obtaining the time estimates Changes do occur in I. T development projects, of which most often result to failure of the overall project. Controlling changes provides stableness to projects. Changes to project agreement must be evaluated and recorded accordingly.According to Wang et al, (2008), change control facilitates software tractableness by controlling risks due to unstable scope and run-away requirements. Change control is necessity in project monitoring as it ensures * Prevention of unauthorized use of resources * Proper update of project plan, its scope, budget expectations, schedule and quality * That the recommended change is consistent with external agreements. Monitoring and control process is no doubt necessary in project development by use and application of methodologies, tools and techniques.However, evaluating the various ways, their functions and characteristics, it can be say that there is no better of f methods as they have their benefits and weaknesses in various areas which other encompasses and vice versa, in other words, there is no-one fits-all methodology. In practice, project managers have found out that it is difficult to simply use a methodology or tool exactly as it stands. But, it can be said that a good and successful project which delivers q uality result, within time and budget are for the most part dependant on the quality and effort of participants from the project board down to the individual team members.